Tumors are a complex ecosystem of malignant, stromal and immune cells. Reciprocal communication between these subpopulations allows cancer cells to proliferate, migrate and escape immune responses. Our recent work has demonstrated embryonic-like reprogramming in tumor microenvironment, indicating extraordinary cellular plasticity within the tumor microenvironment, which adds an additional layer of cellular heterogeneity. In this talk, I will discuss the mechanisms of oncofetal reprogramming that allow tumor cells to escape from immune responses, promoting tumor growth. I will also discuss the spatial organisation of oncofetal ecosystem in liver cancer and its implications in predicting response to therapy in clinic.